“Those denying hypotheses that mainstream science has found to be true, such as those denying that global warming is occurring”
Given the current lack of agreement between empirical observations and predictions by GCM simulations, leading to what has been called “global warming pause/hiatus” puzzle of the past 16 years or so, the sensitivity of the climate to CO2 levels is still very much an open question. The “global warming pause” problem is not fringe science, but has been discussed in such mainstream journals such as Nature.
“Those claiming far-fetched cosmological discoveries or theories that are impossible to prove or disprove”
In HEP, string theory has been has yet to make a testable prediction despite some 30 years of intense effort by the best and brightest in the field with a massive number of publications in leading physics journals.
In HEP/astrophysics, the so-far untestable multiverse hypothesis is currently very much in fashion among some leaders in the field
The point is that there are ideas being promoted in mainstream science that it could be argued easily satisfy your fringe criteria.
Google Scholar is a very useful tool for quickly locating papers in a particular field. Even better, it’s a free service. As with any source of information, caveat emptor always applies.
